Heterogeneous metallaphotoredox catalysis in a continuous-flow packed-bed reactor

• Wei-Hsin Hsu,
• Susanne Reischauer,
• Peter H. Seeberger,
• Bartholomäus Pieber and
• Dario Cambié

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1123–1130, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.115

• systematically study the cross-coupling using the packed-bed reactor, we decided to equip the continuous-flow setup with a dedicated tool for in-line analysis. Such techniques enable rapid investigations of process-related parameters [34]. In particular, the presence of a trifluoromethyl group in the substrate

A comprehensive review of flow chemistry techniques tailored to the flavours and fragrances industries

• Guido Gambacorta,
• James S. Sharley and
• Ian R. Baxendale

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1181–1312, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.90

Isolation and characterisation of irinans, androstane-type withanolides from Physalis peruviana L.

• Annika Stein,
• Dave Compera,
• Bianka Karge,
• Mark Brönstrup and
• Jakob Franke

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2003–2012, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.196

• was split (100:1) and the minority flow made up to 1 mL/min with MeOH + 0.045% formic acid for in-line analysis by UV, ELSD and MS. The majority flow was collected. The following peaks were collected and identified by NMR: tR = 5.8–6.0 min (irinan A (2), 6 mg); 7.2–8.0 min (4β-hydroxywithanolide E (1

Assessing the possibilities of designing a unified multistep continuous flow synthesis platform

• Mrityunjay K. Sharma,
• Roopashri B. Acharya,
• Chinmay A. Shukla and
• Amol A. Kulkarni

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1917–1936, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.166

• important drug molecules and discussed challenges involved in developing such a control process [60]. Monitoring: Utilization of in-line analysis techniques and constant monitoring of the product also requires specialized equipment to be used and relative ‘analysis time’ in the whole process sequence is

• components close to each other reducing the need for intermediate heating/cooling or the requirement of an additional utility to maintain the reaction temperature in the tubes. 5. Instrumentation: Here, we have not explicitly considered any instrumentation (other than in-line analysis or measurements for

Automating multistep flow synthesis: approach and challenges in integrating chemistry, machines and logic

• Chinmay A. Shukla and
• Amol A. Kulkarni

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 960–987, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.97

• minor variations in the product quality. Automated in-line analysis has (to some extent) addressed this issue provided the response time from the systems is shorter than the time scales that control the reaction. Reliability and reproducibility of an experiment also improve significantly under automated

NMR reaction monitoring in flow synthesis

• M. Victoria Gomez and
• Antonio de la Hoz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 285–300, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.31

• reaction mixture passes through the NMR instrument and is continuously analyzed. This method is called in-line analysis. This configuration minimises the time-lag between reaction and analysis. For on-line analysis the NMR system is not directly connected to the reaction system and the sample is

• analysis of a reaction is one of the key principles of green chemistry [51] for pollution prevention. However, on-line and in-line analysis together with the use of flow chemistry and the appropriate software for analysis, determination of the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters and for process

The synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) using continuous flow chemistry

• Marcus Baumann and
• Ian R. Baxendale

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1194–1219, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.134

• preparation of pharmaceutically active molecules, demonstrating the value of this strategy towards every aspect ranging from synthesis, in-line analysis and purification to final formulation and tableting. Although this review will primarily concentrate on large scale continuous processing, additional

• : continuous processing; flow synthesis; in-line analysis; manufacture; pharmaceuticals; scalability; Introduction The last 20 years have witnessed a true renaissance in the way synthetic chemistry is performed due to the implementation of various enabling technologies allowing the modern synthesis chemist to

• furthermore made use of in-line analysis techniques like FTIR (for the monitoring of the enolisation step) and was successfully run at steady state for 40 h generating the target compound at multi-kilogram scale. As this paper states, the main advantages of a continuous approach over batch processing in this

3D-printed devices for continuous-flow organic chemistry

• Vincenza Dragone,
• Victor Sans,
• Mali H. Rosnes,
• Philip J. Kitson and
• Leroy Cronin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 951–959, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.109

• ATR-IR flow cell. As a proof of concept, we utilized two types of organic reactions, imine syntheses and imine reductions, to show how different reactor configurations and substrates give different products. Keywords: 3D printing; flow chemistry; flow IR; in-line analysis; imine reduction; imine

Gold film- catalysed benzannulation by Microwave- Assisted, Continuous Flow Organic Synthesis (MACOS)

• Gjergji Shore,
• Michael Tsimerman and
• Michael G. Organ

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2009, 5, No. 35, doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.35

• continuously physically moves the product away from the infusing stream. In batch reactors, product molecules form in the presence of a vast excess of starting materials that can lead to significant byproduct formation. Further, a moving synthesis platform allows for in-line analysis and instantaneous changes